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- *** PC VIDEO: UNDERSTANDING THE TECHNOLOGY ***
-
- PC VIDEO: UNDERSTANDING THE TECHNOLOGY
-
- Imagine explaining how to tie a shoe ... using only written or spoken
- words. Even with pictures and diagrams, it's still awkward and time
- consuming. Similarly, many types of business information cannot be
- conveyed effectively with words and images alone. What's needed is a
- much richer mode of communication--one that not only includes visual
- elements, but also captures movement and visual expression.
-
- The personal computer (PC) has enhanced business communication
- dramatically over the last decade, allowing people to communicate using
- text, data and graphics. The next logical step is the addition of
- motion video to PCs. PC video integrates visual elements with speech,
- bringing a rich new data type to PC communications. It combines the
- impact of video with the PC's ability to manage data.
-
- Off-the-shelf hardware and software that supports PC video are available
- today. New technologies are making PC video not only affordable, but
- also easy to install and use. As a result, we are beginning to see
- applications that use video to enhance the effectiveness of business
- communication.
-
- PC VIDEO APPLICATIONS
-
- The PC has become an important platform for communicating and
- distributing information. People use PCs to send and receive documents,
- faxes and e-mail messages over LANs and across phone lines. Video is a
- natural and powerful extension to these communications.
-
- With the ready availability of PC video software, and the ease of
- incorporating and using video, you can get started right away. With
- products like Microsoft's Video for Windows*--which incorporates Intel's
- Indeo(TM) video technology--it's easy to add video clips to existing
- applications such as word processors, spreadsheets, data bases and
- presentation graphics. With the addition of inexpensive video capture
- hardware, you can also record video right on your desktop PC.
-
- BUSINESS PRESENTATIONS
-
- PC-based business presentations look good, are easy to create. And,
- with over 100 million PCs installed today, you can show your
- presentation in almost any business office. All it requires is a
- desktop PC or a PC equipped with a flat-panel projector.
-
- With PC video, you can add a whole new dimension to business
- presentations. Imagine the impact of a sales presentation with "live"
- customer testimonials or video-based product demonstrations. You can
- quickly create a marketing clip on a new product without the expense of
- producing a full-blown video or, add impact to staff presentations,
- announcements and other corporate communications.
-
- EDUCATION AND TRAINING
-
- Videotaped training programs are heavily used in business, in part
- because research has shown that video can increase audience retention of
-
- information by as much as 38%.
-
- Videotape also has some limitations in training programs. Its
- information is sequential and cannot be randomly accessed for
- interactive training. It also requires a professional video production
- house to create and employees cannot typically view videotapes at their
- desks.
-
- PC video overcomes these limitations. PC video can be randomly accessed
- for truly interactive training. It's easy to combine video with text,
- graphics and other data types to optimize communication and Intel486(TM)
- CPU-based PCs are more common on business desktops than VCRs, so the
- training can be more widely used.
-
- You can use PC video for many training and education purposes: employee
- orientation, human resources updates, sales training, product training,
- electronic employee newsletters, safety courses and many others. For
- example, service and maintenance manuals could include video clips of
- operations like installing a car's oil filter.
-
- VIDEO DATA BASES
-
- Video data bases combine the power of video with the computer's ability
- to manage and present data. Imagine going into a real estate office,
- entering your requirements for a new home in a PC, and then viewing
- video clips of houses that fit your needs and budget. There are many
- other possibilities: physicians in remote locations can take advantage
- of a video data base containing medical procedures; video can be added
- to insurance claims data bases.
-
- GENERAL PURPOSE VIDEO COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION
-
- Just as e-mail has revolutionized communications, PC video will
- eventually revolutionize e-mail. Video e-mail is particularly effective
- in facilitating cooperative projects where several coworkers need to
- share information. For example: doctors can share patient records;
- engineers can share design approaches; insurance adjusters can share
- claim information. Video e-mail can also be used to distribute
- information--such as service bulletins and product updates--quickly and
- effectively.
-
- NEXT GENERATION APPLICATIONS
-
- In addition to enhancing existing applications, PC video opens the door
- to a range of new applications that combine text, graphics, voice and
- video. For example, desktop video conferencing would allow users to not
- only see the other party, but also send, annotate and share documents in
- real time. With these applications, the PC will become an even more
- powerful business tool.
-
- SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
-
- The hardware and software you'll need for PC video depend on whether you
- plan to record video at your desktop or simply view video clips recorded
- by others.
-
- REQUIREMENTS FOR PLAYING VIDEO
-
- Your PC may already be capable of video playback. All you need is a PC
- with an Intel486SX CPU (25 MHz or faster), Windows, a hard disk drive, a
- Run-time version of Video for Windows, and a 256-color VGA board or
- greater. You'll also need a Windows-compatible PC audio board and
- speakers or headphones.
-
- With this setup, you can play back video files that have been recorded
- elsewhere and supplied to you on diskette, via a network, or on a CD-ROM
- if you also have a CD-ROM drive. That means that tens of millions of
- Intel486(TM) microprocessor-based PCs are potential video playback
- units.
-
-
- REQUIREMENTS FOR RECORDING VIDEO ON A PC
-
- If you also wish to record video on your PC, you'll need a few
- additional components:
-
- * A video digitizing (or capture) board to convert the video analog
- signals to digital information.
-
- * A hard disk with a minimum of 30 MB free.
-
- * A source of video input such as a video camera, VCR or laser disc
- player.
-
- * Video software (such as Video for Windows) which includes video
- capture, compression, playback and basic video editing utilities.
-
- SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND VIDEO QUALITY
-
- You cannot play back video at a higher quality than was captured, so you
- should give particular attention to the quality of video recording.
-
- Video image quality depends on a combination of three factors: viewing
- window size, video "frame rate", and color presentation capability. In
- addition, the level of video quality that you enjoy is directly related
- to your PC hardware configuration: the PC microprocessor, the graphics
- board, and the speed of the hard disk.
-
- VIEWING WINDOW SIZE
-
- Viewing window dimensions are expressed in pixels. A standard VGA
- screen is 640x480 pixels. This means that a 320x240 video play-back
- window takes up about 1/4th of the computer's display. Standard PC
- video window playback sizes are 160x120 (1/16 screen) and 320x240 (1/4
- screen).
-
- VIDEO FRAME RATE
-
- Video "frame rate" specifies the number of frames per second (fps) of
- video images displayed on the screen. The higher the frame rate, the
- more fluid the motion appears. The highest, or best, quality frame rate
- available is 30 fps. Lower frame rates (below 10) still appear as
-
- motion, but are noticeably "jerky", while zero fps is a still frame (no
- motion). For reference, 24 fps is used in motion pictures, and 30 fps
- in television. Most people find 10 to 15 fps acceptable for viewing
- fluid motion.
-
- COLOR PRESENTATION CAPABILITY
-
- Color presentation capability depends on the color depth and the spatial
- color resolution. Color depth refers to the number of different colors
- available. The more colors, the higher the quality and the truer the
- representation. Color depth on PCs ranges from a VGA palette of 4 bits
- (16 colors) up to 24-bit true color with 16.7 million hues. You'll need
- a 256-color VGA card or higher for video.
-
- Color resolution refers to the spatial "graininess" or "blockiness" of
- the color. The highest quality results when every pixel is assigned its
- own color in smoothly shaded regions where the color resolution is low.
-
- RECORDING VIDEO ON YOUR PC
-
- Recording video on your PC is a simple process. You can capture live
- action using a video camera, or you can capture existing video clips
- from a VCR or laser disc player. The video capture board in your PC
- converts this analog video signal into digital information, and records
- it on a hard disk file. The file format depends on the video recording
- hardware and software used (for example, Video for Windows creates .AVI
- files).
-
- COMPRESSION
-
- Raw digitized video files are quite large. Just one minute of video can
- fill from 35 to 50 MB on your hard disk, depending on preset capture
- parameters. So it's necessary to compress--or shrink--raw video files
- to a size that is more manageable on a PC.
-
- Video compression techniques take advantage of the fact that, as you
- move from one frame of video to the next, much of the "information"
- remains the same. Compression routines look at each frame and identify
- and save only the changes from frame to frame--for example, changes
- caused by motion. Additionally, compression routines "eliminate the
- redundancy" within each frame. If, for example, an area of the screen
- is all the same color, the compression software stores color information
- about the area as a whole, rather than storing separate color
- information for each pixel.
-
- Compressing a video file will dramatically reduce it's size. For
- example, video software that incorporates Indeo video technology can
- compress a 50 MB raw video file to about 9 MB. Indeo video technology,
- which is Intel's advanced video compression/decompression software
- technology, is a key component of Microsoft's Video for Windows and
- Apple's QuickTime products. Other vendors also plan to incorporate
- Indeo technology into their operating environments, thus allowing users
- to interchange video files freely between Windows, Macintosh* and OS/2*
- platforms.
-
- ONE-STEP VERSUS TWO-STEP CAPTURE AND COMPRESSION
-
- There are two types of video capture techniques: one-step capture and
- compression and two-step capture and compression.
-
- Older video capture boards use a two-step process, because they don't
- have the processing power to compress the video as it is captured. In
- the first step, these boards capture and store the raw digitized video
- information on a hard disk. In the second step, a software routine
- compresses this file off-line. This two-step process requires disk
- space not only to hold the uncompressed video file, but also the
- compressed file (for a total of 45 to 60 MB for one minute of video in a
- 160x120 window). In addition, the off-line software compression step
- takes a lot of extra time--as much as 15 to 30 minutes for every minute
- of video. During that time, the PC is completely dedicated to
- compression, and cannot be used for other work.
-
- Fortunately, newer compression technologies use a combination of
- software and hardware to compress video much more quickly. For example,
- the Intel Smart Video Recorder can digitize, compress and store the
- video data all in a single step. This is accomplished by incorporating
- Indeo technology and Intel's I750(R) video processor.
-
- This single-step process offers important advantages. It minimizes the
- cost of PC video because it uses far less hard disk space (9 MB versus
- 45 to 60 MB for one minute of video). This often eliminates the need to
- add large and fast hard disk capacity to your PC. It also offers
- convenience and time savings because there is no lengthy compression
- process involved.
-
- VIDEO CAPTURE QUALITY
-
- Single-step capture and compression has an important advantage in that
- video quality is not sensitive to the hardware configuration as it is in
- two-step capture and compression.
-
- With two-step capture and compression, all uncompressed video data must
- be transferred directly to the hard disk. In many configurations, the
- speed of the microprocessor and hard disk cannot keep pace with the
- large volume of incoming data. The system becomes overloaded and begins
- to "drop" frames so you may not be able to achieve the full frame rate
- (quality) that is specified for the video capture board. For example, a
- two-step video capture board rated at 30 fps, may in reality capture far
- fewer fps on less powerful hardware configurations.
-
- One-step capture and compression, on the other hand, compresses video
- data before it is transferred to the hard disk. As a result, the amount
- of data that the hard disk must handle is dramatically reduced--by a
- factor of up to 6 to 1. Thus, few frames, if any, are "dropped" during
- capture. A single-step video capture board rated at 30 fps will deliver
- 30 fps even on less powerful system configurations.
-
- DISTRIBUTING YOUR VIDEO
-
- You can distribute your compressed video files just as you would any
- other file type--either on diskette or over a network. Anyone who has
- Video for Windows can play your video clip without additional software.
-
- Otherwise, you simply attach a copy of video player software (also
- called a run-time player) to the compressed file. Video player software
- is included with Video for Windows and with the Intel Smart Video
- Recorder.
-
- PLAYING VIDEO FILES ON YOUR PC
-
- To play PC video, you don't need specialized video playback hardware on
- your PC. All you need is Video for Windows, or the run-time version of
- Video for Windows. You'll also need an audio card if the video file
- includes sound.
-
- PLAYBACK QUALITY DEPENDS ON HARDWARE
-
- As you move up in processing power, such as from an Intel386(TM) to an
- Intel486(TM) to a Pentium(TM) microprocessor, you can take advantage of
- larger playback window sizes and faster frame rates. The result is a
- larger viewing area and more fluid motion.
-
- Depending on the hardware configuration, you may need to make tradeoffs
- between window size and frame rate to optimize video quality for
- particular purposes. If the most important thing to convey is motion,
- then you would opt for a smaller window playback size to get a faster
- frame rate. If you are more interested in visual details, you would
- trade off frame rate for a larger window playback size. The table below
- shows typical window sizes and frame rate tradeoffs for popular hardware
- configurations.
-
- Playback Performance Tradeoffs
-
- System* 160x120 320x240
- Intel486SX-25 15 fps 4 fps
- Intel486DX-33 20 fps 5 fps
- Intel486DX2-66 30 fps 8 fps
-
-
- *NOTE: All systems tested with 8 MB RAM; 11.8 millisecond hard disk
- speed; Orchid ProDesigner/e VGA card with 512 KB memory and
- 256 colors.
-
- SMART VIDEO SOFTWARE
-
- Because of the variety of hardware configurations available, video
- software should be "smart" enough to take advantage of whatever hardware
- is available. This includes being able to maximize playback quality for
- that hardware automatically--without requiring you to change the
- software or the video clip file. This is referred to as scalability.
-
- During playback, Indeo video technology's scalability automatically
- adapts playback quality to the available processing power. Because the
- one-step capability of the Intel Smart Video Recorder ensures that
- frames are never lost, more powerful PCs can play the same video file
- and deliver progressively faster frame rates. As computer users upgrade
- their systems with faster Intel microprocessors, video recorded on the
- Intel Smart Video Recorder will "upgrade" along with them. Scalability
- protects your investment because video recorded today will play faster
-
- on tomorrow's machines.
-
- On the other hand, video captured on two-step boards often means lost
- frames, which can never be recovered regardless of the speed of the CPU.
- Without scalability, video quality will be the same on the faster CPU
- as it was on the older one.
-
- VIDEO TRENDS
-
- PC HARDWARE
-
- Today's microprocessors have the power necessary to handle the demands
- of high-quality video. The next generation of microprocessors, such as
- Intel's Pentium processor, will be even better equipped for running
- video-based applications. In addition, storage capacities are
- increasing and costs are plummeting, with disk drives of 200 to 300 MB
- now standard on many PCs.
-
- VIDEO HARDWARE
-
- Intel offers the Intel Smart Video Recorder to simplify video capture
- and to enhance playback quality. Using Indeo video technology and the
- I750(R) video processor, the Intel board offers the advantages of
- one-step capture and compression. This saves time and disk space, and
- delivers higher recorded frame rates.
-
- OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARE
-
- Microsoft, IBM and Apple have all committed to supporting video in their
- operating system software. Video for Windows and QuickTime, both of
- which incorporate Intel's Indeo video technology, are available today
- from Microsoft and Apple. IBM has announced plans for incorporating
- Indeo video technology into OS/2.
-
- VIDEO TOOLS AND UTILITIES
-
- A number of video capture, editing and playback tools and utilities are
- becoming available for working with video on your PC. Many of these
- programs are integrated with operating environments such as Video for
- Windows.
-
- VIDEO CLIP ART
-
- Clip art suppliers are beginning to market "video clip art," offering
- you a wide selection of pre-recorded video that you can incorporate into
- business documents.
-
- APPLICATIONS
-
- Existing standards such as Object Linking and Editing (OLE) make it easy
- to include PC video in over 150 existing business applications. These
- include word processors, spreadsheets, databases and business
- presentations. This paves the way for the integration of video into
- compound documents without the need for specialized software.
-
- DISTRIBUTION
-
- Distribution infrastructures such as LANs and the telephone network are
- already in place and can support limited digital video transmission,
- such as low-volume store-and-forward. As video compression techniques
- advance and network bandwidths widen, video e-mail will become a
- reality. Advancements in digital communications technology such as the
- Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) are making it possible to
- send video beyond the local area network. Ultimately, we'll be able to
- handle the transmission of full motion video in real time, enabling
- exciting new applications like teleconferencing.
-
- IN CONCLUSION
-
- PC video is here today. It's affordable. It's easy to use. And it
- opens the door to numerous applications that dramatically enhance
- business communications.
-
- New technologies such as Indeo video technology make playback easy and
- affordable--often without any additional hardware. In addition, Indeo
- video technology, in conjunction with the Intel Smart Video Recorder,
- permits single-step capture and compression, making the process fast and
- efficient. So you can create your own video clips right at your
- desktop.
-
- Through the continuing development of more powerful microprocessors such
- as the Pentium processor, Intel is paving the way for more sophisticated
- video applications that will allow PC video to reach its true potential.
-
- In addition to making Indeo video technology available to other hardware
- and software vendors, Intel offers the Intel Smart Video Recorder, a
- complete video capture package that includes:
-
- * The Intel Smart Video Recorder, a one-step video recording board
- that uses Indeo video technology and the I750(R) video processor
-
- * Microsoft Video for Windows
-
- * Asymetrix Compel*, a multimedia presentation package designed for
- on-screen PC presentations
-
- * Asymetrix MediaBlitz!*, a program for organizing and integrating
- animation, graphics, audio and video into multi-media shows
-
- * GateKeeper Visual Thinking CD-ROM from Firstlight*, Incorporated.
- This includes an audio/video clip library and presentation tools.
-
- FOR MORE INFORMATION
-
- To learn more about the Intel Smart Video Recorder, call Intel's FaxBack
- service and request document 8000.
-
- FaxBack and I750 are registered trademarks and Intel386, Intel486, i386,
- i486, Pentium and Indeo are trademarks of Intel Corporation.
-
- * Other brand and product names are trademarks of their respective
- owners.
-
- This literature is subject to change without notice. Intel assumes no
- responsibilities for errors or omissions herein. (c) 1993 Intel
- Corporation. All rights reserved.
-
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- End of file Intel FaxBack # 8005 26 August 1994
-